The analysis of elastoplastic structures under a combination of static and dynamic loads is examined. It is shown that under the hypothesis of a ductile behavior, progressive distortion is the leading failure mechanism. Procedures are described to compute: (a) the equivalent damping due to hysteretic losses; (b) frequency shifting due to structural softening in the plastic fields; (c) ductility effects on dynamic loads; and (d) ratcheting due to a combination of static and dynamic loads.

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