As the overall pressure ratio (OPR) and turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of modern gas turbines are constantly being increased in the pursuit of increasing efficiency and specific power, the effect of bleed cooling air on the engine performance is increasingly becoming important. During the thermodynamic cycle analysis and optimization phase, the cooling bleed air requirement is either neglected or is modeled by simplified correlations, which can lead to erroneous results. In this current research, a physics-based turbine cooling prediction model, based on semi-empirical correlations for heat transfer and pressure drop, is developed and verified with turbine cooling data available in the open literature. Based on the validated model, a parametric analysis is performed to understand the variation of turbine cooling requirement with variation in TIT and OPR of future advanced engine cycles. It is found that the existing method of calculating turbine cooling air mass flow with simplified correlation underpredicts the amount of turbine cooling air for higher OPR and TIT, thus overpredicting the estimated engine efficiency.
Issue Section:
Gas Turbines: Aircraft Engine
References
1.
Yin
, F.
, 2016
, “Modeling and Characteristics of a Novel Multi-Fuel Hybrid Engine for Future Aircraft
,” Doctoral thesis
, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.2.
Baldauf
, S. A.
, Scheurlen
, M.
, Schulz
, A.
, and Wittig
, S.
, 2002
, “Correlation of Film Cooling Effectiveness From Thermographic Measurements at Engine Like Conditions
,” ASME
Paper No. GT2002-30180.3.
Han
, J. C.
, and Zhang
, Y. M.
, 1992
, “High Performance Heat Transfer Ducts With Parallel Broken and V-Shaped Broken Ribs
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 35
(2
), pp. 513
–523
.4.
Lau
, S. C.
, McMillin
, R. D.
, and Han
, J. C.
, 1991
, “Heat Transfer Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in a Square Channel With Angled Discrete Ribs
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 113
(3
), pp. 367
–374
.5.
Lau
, S. C.
, McMillin
, R. D.
, and Han
, J. C.
, 1991
, “Turbulent Heat Transfer and Friction in a Square Channel With Discrete Rib Turbulators
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 113
(3
), pp. 360
–366
.6.
Lau
, S. C.
, Kukreja
, R. T.
, and McMillin
, R. D.
, 1991
, “Effects of V-Shaped Rib Arrays on Turbulent Heat Transfer and Friction of Fully Developed Flow in a Square Channel
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 34
(7
), pp. 1605
–1616
.7.
Han
, J. C.
, Ou
, S.
, Park
, J. S.
, and Lei
, C. K.
, 1989
, “Augmented Heat Transfer in Rectangular Channels of Narrow Aspect Ratios With Rib Turbulators
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 32
(9
), pp. 1619
–1630
.8.
Han
, J. C.
, and Park
, J. S.
, 1988
, “Developing Heat Transfer in Rectangular Channels With Rib Turbulators
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 31
(1
), pp. 183
–195
.9.
Metzger
, D.
, Shepard
, W.
, and Haley
, S.
, 1986
, “Row Resolved Heat Transfer Variations in Pin-Fin Arrays Including Effects of Non-Uniform Arrays and Flow Convergence
,” ASME
Paper No. 86-GT-132.10.
Metzger
, D.
, Fan
, Z.
, and Shepard
, W.
, 1982
, “Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer Through Multiple Rows of Short Pin Fins
,” Seventh International Conference
, Munich, Germany, Sept. 6–10.11.
VanFossen
, G. J.
, 1982
, “Heat-Transfer Coefficients for Staggered Arrays of Short Pin Fins
,” ASME J. Eng. Power
, 104
(2
), pp. 268
–274
.12.
Arora
, S. C.
, and Abdel Messeh, W., 1983
, “Heat Transfer Experiments in High Aspect Ratio Rectangular Channel With Epoxied Short Pin Fins
,” ASME
Paper No. 83-GT-57.13.
Florschuetz
, L.
, Truman
, C.
, and Metzger
, D.
, 1981
, “Streamwise Flow and Heat Transfer Distributions for Jet Array Impingement With Crossflow
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 103
(2
), pp. 337
–342
.14.
Chupp
, R. E.
, Helms
, H. E.
, and McFadden
, P. W.
, 1969
, “Evaluation of Internal Heat-Transfer Coefficients for Impingement-Cooled Turbine Airfoils
,” J. Aircr.
, 6
(3
), pp. 203
–208
.15.
Levy
, Y.
, Rao
, A. G.
, Erenburg
, V.
, Sherbaum
, V.
, Gaissinski
, I.
, and Krapp
, V.
, 2012
, “Pressure Losses for Jet Array Impingement With Crossflow
,” ASME
Paper No. GT2012-68386.16.
Idel′chik
, I. E.
, and Steinberg
, M. O.
, 1996
, Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance
, Begell House
, New York.17.
Tiemstra
, F.
, 2014
, “Design of a Semi-Empirical Tool for the Evaluation of Turbine Cooling Requirements in a Preliminary Design Stage
,” Master's thesis
, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:225cfccd-2fc3-4a4d-a8a8-c24bd24bae4418.
Halila
, E. E.
, Lenahan
, D. T.
, and Thomas
, T. T.
, 1982
, “Energy Efficient Engine High Pressure Turbine Test Hardware Detailed Design Report
,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH, Technical Report No. NASA CR-167955
.https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=1985000268719.
Stearns
, E. M.
, 1982
, “Energy Efficient Engine Core Design and Performance Report
,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cincinnati, OH, Technical Report No. NASA-CR-168069
.https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=1990001924320.
Visser
, W. P.
, and Broomhead
, M. J.
, 2000
, “GSP, a Generic Object-Oriented Gas Turbine Simulation Environment
,” ASME
Paper No. 2000-GT-0002.21.
Saravanamuttoo
, H. I. H.
, Rogers
, G. F. C.
, Cohen
, H.
, and Straznicky
, P. V.
, 2008
, Gas Turbine Theory
, 6th ed, Pearson Education Ltd.
, Harlow, UK.22.
Hartsel
, J.
, 1972
, “Prediction of Effects of Mass-Transfer Cooling on the Blade-Row Efficiency of Turbine Airfoils
,” Tenth Aerospace Sciences Meeting
, San Diego, CA, pp. 1–7.23.
Kurzke
, J.
, 2002
, “Performance Modeling Methodology: Efficiency Definitions for Cooled Single and Multistage Turbines
,” ASME
Paper No. GT2002-30497.24.
Young
, J.
, and Horlock
, J.
, 2006
, “Defining the Efficiency of a Cooled Turbine
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 128
(4
), pp. 658
–667
.25.
Jonsson
, M.
, Bolland
, O.
, Bücker
, D.
, and Rost
, M.
, 2005
, “Gas Turbine Cooling Model for Evaluation of Novel Cycles
,” International ECOS Conference
, Trondheim, Norway, June 20–22, pp. 641–650.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237502557_Gas_turbine_cooling_model_for_evaluation_of_novel_cycles26.
MathWorks,
2015
, “MATLAB Support Documentation—Optimization Toolbox Function
,” The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, accessed Apr. 4, 2018, http://nl.mathworks.com/help/optim/ug/fmincon.htmlCopyright © 2018 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
