Fig. 1 Residual gas fraction for 1000 consecutive cycles for lean mixtures of natural gas More about this image found in Residual gas fraction for 1000 consecutive cycles for lean mixtures of natu...

Fig. 2 Interdependency plot between PP and LPP at different load torques for ( a ) gasoline rich mixture, ( b ) natural gas rich mixture, ( c ) gasoline lean mixture, and ( d ) natural gas lean mixture More about this image found in Interdependency plot between PP and LPP at different load torques for ( a )...

Fig. 3 Interdependency plot between IMEP and LPP at different load torques ( a ) gasoline rich mixture, ( b ) natural gas rich mixture, ( c ) gasoline lean mixture, and ( d ) natural gas lean mixture More about this image found in Interdependency plot between IMEP and LPP at different load torques ( a ) g...

Fig. 4 ( a ) COV PP , ( b ) COV ( dP / dθ )max , and ( c ) COV IMEP with load torque for gasoline and natural gas fueled engine More about this image found in ( a ) COV PP , ( b ) COV ( dP / dθ )max , and ( c ) COV IMEP with load tor...

Fig. 5 COV IMEP , x r , and percentage of normal, slow, partial burn and misfire cycles for ( a ) gasoline rich mixture, ( b ) natural gas rich mixture, ( c ) gasoline lean mixture, and ( d ) natural gas lean mixture More about this image found in COV IMEP , x r , and percentage of normal, slow, partial burn and misfi...

Fig. 6 Return map of Q max at low and high load torques for ( a ) gasoline rich mixture, ( b ) natural gas rich mixture, ( c ) gasoline lean mixture, and ( d ) natural gas lean mixture More about this image found in Return map of Q max at low and high load torques for ( a ) gasoline rich...

Fig. 7 Time series of Q max data with binary symbol partition for gasoline lean mixture at T L = 5 Nm and N = 2500 rpm More about this image found in Time series of Q max data with binary symbol partition for gasoline lean...

Fig. 8 Symbol sequence frequency plot of Q max for a natural gas lean mixture at T L = 5 Nm and N = 2500 rpm for n = 5 and L = 3 More about this image found in Symbol sequence frequency plot of Q max for a natural gas lean mixture a...

Fig. 9 Variation of modified Shannon entropy with number of partitions and sequence length for natural gas lean mixture at T L = 5 Nm and N = 2500 rpm More about this image found in Variation of modified Shannon entropy with number of partitions and sequenc...

Fig. 10 Symbol sequence frequency plot for ( a ) gasoline rich mixture at T L = 20 Nm and N = 2500 rpm, ( b ) gasoline rich mixture at T L = 5 Nm and N = 2500 rpm, and ( c ) natural gas rich mixture at T L = 5 Nm and N = 2500 rpm More about this image found in Symbol sequence frequency plot for ( a ) gasoline rich mixture at T L = ...

Fig. 11 Relative frequency of sequence code at ( a ) n = 2, L = 8 and ( b ) n = 5, L = 3 for natural gas lean mixture at T L = 5 Nm and N = 2500 More about this image found in Relative frequency of sequence code at ( a ) n = 2, L = 8 and ( b ) n ...

Fig. 12 Relative frequency of sequence code at five partitions and three sequence length for natural gas rich and lean mixture More about this image found in Relative frequency of sequence code at five partitions and three sequence l...

Fig. 13 Relative frequency of sequence code at five partitions and three sequence length for gasoline rich and lean mixture More about this image found in Relative frequency of sequence code at five partitions and three sequence l...

Fig. 14 Return map of Q max : ( a ) original and ( b ) filtered time series for natural gas, lean mixture at T L = 5 Nm and 2500 rpm More about this image found in Return map of Q max : ( a ) original and ( b ) filtered time series for n...

Fig. 15 COV IMEP , x r , and percentage of normal, slow, partial burn, and misfire cycles: ( a ) original and ( b ) filtered time series More about this image found in COV IMEP , x r , and percentage of normal, slow, partial burn, and misfir...

Fig. 1 Schematic view of model combustor and airblast atomizer [ 12 ] (dimensions in mm) More about this image found in Schematic view of model combustor and airblast atomizer [ 12 ] (dimensions ...

Fig. 2 One-twelfth segment of model combustor including airblast atomizer More about this image found in One-twelfth segment of model combustor including airblast atomizer

Fig. 3 Unstructured and structured mesh distributions for airblast atomizer and combustor zones, respectively More about this image found in Unstructured and structured mesh distributions for airblast atomizer and co...