.... This is because the capability of fatigue assessment is a necessary precursor for optimally modulating the NMES dosage to improve the control performance of a neuroprosthesis and ensure user’s safety. To effectively estimate the NMES-induced muscle fatigue, this paper proposes a novel state observer that combines...

... are found including reasonably small estimation error and adaptive capability and, as a result, shift to shift induced driveline oscillations and vehicle jerks are reduced significantly. power-split hybrid transmission shift clutch torque estimation state observer HIERARCHICAL ESTIMATOR OF DUAL...