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Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering | Volume 140 | Issue 2 | Technical Brief
Technical Brief

A Tailored Tempering Process for CSC-15B22 Steel Sheet

[+] Author and Article Information
Li-Wei Chen

Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided
Engineering,
National Formosa University,
Huwei 632, Yunlin, Taiwan
e-mail: liwei@nfu.edu.tw

Yung-Hung Chen, Yuan-Chuan Hsu

Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided
Engineering,
National Formosa University,
Huwei 632, Yunlin, Taiwan

1Corresponding author.

Manuscript received December 28, 2016; final manuscript received November 1, 2017; published online December 18, 2017. Assoc. Editor: Burak Sencer.

J. Manuf. Sci. Eng 140(2), 024501 (Dec 18, 2017) (6 pages) Paper No: MANU-16-1684; doi: 10.1115/1.4038370 History: Received December 28, 2016; Revised November 01, 2017
Article
References
Figures
Tables

The simulation and experimental methods are used to determine the parameters of a tailored tempering process for a lab-scale B-pillar that is made from CSC-15B22 high-strength steel. The finite element software, DEFORM-3D, is used to simulate the tailored tempering process. A segmented hot stamping tool is developed for testing. Results demonstrate that the cooling and heating systems are successful. On the cooled side of the tooling, the cooling rate for the sheet is more than 30 °C/s. The material structure of the sheets is entirely a martensite structure, which results in an ultra-high strength material. The average hardness is measured as HV423, which translates to a tensile strength of 1350 MPa. On the heated side of the tooling, the cooling rate for the sheet is less than the critical cooling rate, the microstructure of the material is ferrite and pearlite, and the average hardness is measured at HV205, which translates to a tensile strength of approximately 660 MPa. The study demonstrates that a tailored tempering process allows production using integrated tooling and produces sheets that have different mechanical properties.
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References

1
Liu, Y. , Liu, Y. , and Chen, J. , 2015, “ The Impact of the Chinese Automotive Industry: Scenarios Based on the National Environmental Goals,” J. Cleaner Prod., 96, pp. 102–109. [CrossRef]
2
Kleiner, M. , Geiger, M. , and Klaus, A. , 2003, “ Manufacturing of Lightweight Components by Metal Forming,” CIRP Ann.-Manuf. Technol., 52(2), pp. 521–542. [CrossRef]
3
Alonso, E. , Lee, T. M. , Bjelkengren, C. , Roth, R. , and Kirchain, R. E. , 2012, “ Evaluating the Potential for Secondary Mass Savings in Vehicle Lightweighting,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 46(5), pp. 2893–2901. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4
Neugebauer, R. , Altan, T. , Geiger, M. , Kleiner, M. , and Sterzing, A. , 2006, “ Sheet Metal Forming at Elevated Temperatures,” CIRP Ann.-Manuf. Technol., 55(2), pp. 793–816. [CrossRef]
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Mori, K. , and Okuda, Y. , 2010, “ Tailor Die Quenching in Hot Stamping for Producing Ultra-High Strength Steel Formed Parts Having Strength Distribution,” CIRP Ann.-Manuf. Technol., 59(1), pp. 291–294. [CrossRef]
6
Karbasian, H. , and Tekkaya, A. E. , 2010, “ A Review on Hot Stamping,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., 210(15), pp. 2103–2118. [CrossRef]
7
Pan, F. , Zhu, P. , and Zhang, Y. , 2010, “ Metamodel-Based Lightweight Design of B-Pillar With TWB Structure Via Support Vector Regression,” Comput. Struct., 88(1), pp. 36–44. [CrossRef]
8
Mori, K. , Maeno, T. , and Mongkolkaji, K. , 2013, “ Tailored Die Quenching of Steel Parts Having Strength Distribution Using Bypass Resistance Heating in Hot Stamping,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., 213(3), pp. 508–514. [CrossRef]
9
George, R. , Bardelcik, A. , and Worswick, M. J. , 2012, “ Hot Forming of Boron Steels Using Heated and Cooled Tooling for Tailored Properties,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., 212(11), pp. 2386–2399. [CrossRef]
10
Lenze, F.-J. , Banik, J. , and Sikora, S. , 2008, “ Application of Hot Formed Parts for Body in White,” International Deep Drawing Research Group Conference (IDDRG), Olofström, Sweden, June 16–18.
11
Banik, J. , Lenze, F. J. , Sikora, S. , and Laurenz, R. , 2011, “ Tailored Properties—A Pivotal Question for Hot Forming,” Third International Conference on Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High-Performance Steel, Kassel, Germany, June 13–17.
12
China Steel Corporation, 2014, “ Product Manual: Hot Rolled Steel,” China Steel Corporation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
13
UL, 2016, “CSC Hot-Rolled Steel HC 15B22 Datasheet,” UL LLC, Northbrook, IL, accessed Nov. 11, 2017, https://metals.ulprospector.com/datasheet/e232676/csc-hot-rolled-steel-hc-15b22
14
Ethirajan, R. , 2012, Elements of Heat Transfer, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. [PubMed] [PubMed]
15
Komvopoulos, K. , 2016, Mechanical Testing of Engineering Materials, 2nd ed., Cognella Academic Publishing, San Diego, CA.

Figures

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Fig. 1

High-temperature plastic flow stress curves for hot stamped CSC-15B22 [13]

+High-temperature plastic flow stress curves for hot stamped CSC-15B22 [13]
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High-temperature plastic flow stress curves for hot stamped CSC-15B22 [13]
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Fig. 2

CCT curves of hot stamped CSC-15B22 [13]

+CCT curves of hot stamped CSC-15B22 [13]
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CCT curves of hot stamped CSC-15B22 [13]
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Fig. 3

Schematic diagram of the segmented tooling

+Schematic diagram of the segmented tooling
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Schematic diagram of the segmented tooling
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Fig. 4

Schematic diagram of the tailored tempering die

+Schematic diagram of the tailored tempering die
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Schematic diagram of the tailored tempering die
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Fig. 5

Segmented tooling with the cooling and heating systems

+Segmented tooling with the cooling and heating systems
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Segmented tooling with the cooling and heating systems
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Fig. 6

Cooling rate for sheet with and without a floating pin

+Cooling rate for sheet with and without a floating pin
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Cooling rate for sheet with and without a floating pin
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Fig. 11

Cooling rate for the die face at the heated side of the tooling

+Cooling rate for the die face at the heated side of the tooling
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Cooling rate for the die face at the heated side of the tooling
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Fig. 10

Variation in temperature for the tooling during heating for 60 min

+Variation in temperature for the tooling during heating for 60 min
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Variation in temperature for the tooling during heating for 60 min
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Fig. 9

Variation in the temperature of the sheet during the quenching process for the first, fifth, and tenth stamping cycles

+Variation in the temperature of the sheet during the quenching process for the first, fifth, and tenth stamping cycles
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Variation in the temperature of the sheet during the quenching process for the first, fifth, and tenth stamping cycles
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Fig. 8

Temperature variation in the tooling over 10 stamping cycles

+Temperature variation in the tooling over 10 stamping cycles
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Temperature variation in the tooling over 10 stamping cycles
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Fig. 7

Variation in the sheet temperature due to natural air convection and radiation at a room temperature of 25 °C

+Variation in the sheet temperature due to natural air convection and radiation at a room temperature of 25 °C
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Variation in the sheet temperature due to natural air convection and radiation at a room temperature of 25 °C
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Fig. 14

Microstructure of the tailored tempering sheet

+Microstructure of the tailored tempering sheet
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Microstructure of the tailored tempering sheet
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Fig. 13

Relationship between the cooling rate and the Vickers hardness for CSC-15B22

+Relationship between the cooling rate and the Vickers hardness for CSC-15B22
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Relationship between the cooling rate and the Vickers hardness for CSC-15B22
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Fig. 12

Variation in the temperature for the sheet at each measurement point

+Variation in the temperature for the sheet at each measurement point
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Variation in the temperature for the sheet at each measurement point

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